Traditional villages have their regional value according to their different geographical environment, natural resources and cultural heritage of different genealogy families, and with the increasing lying Qof villages with the outside world,the problem of hollowing out villages is becoming more and more serious, and the cultural heritage of traditional villages is under threat. Religious belief takes space as the carrier, is a special ideological and cultural phenomenon,the development of traditional villages by the influence and restriction of religious belief culture.Through the investigation and analysis of Datun Village, this study tries to explore the influence of religious belief on the spatial characteristics of traditional villages from the perspective of religious belief, and provides a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization, construction and innovation of the spatial characteristics of traditional religious villages in the new period, so that the traditional villages can not only meet the material needs, but also be able to build under the guidance of cultural characteristics. Domestic research on traditional villages is the earliest from the traditional architecture research, with the development of urbanization, the more popular local culture is people, the study of traditional villages is not limited to this.
At present, the research on religious villages is reflected in the cultural tradition of national religion, rolling benches as well as the influence of religion on the production and living space pattern and social relations of the surrounding villages, many scholars have made great exploration and research on the relationship between religion and village, and inferred from their spatial form and evolutionary mechanism.Through combing, it is found that the research content of the protection of historical and cultural towns and villages in foreign countries mainly focuses on the protection and restoration of local buildings, the idea of protection of traditional villages, the tourism development of traditional villages and so on. Research centers in various countries tend to favour urban development, and the study of villages is also neglected, with relatively few research results.At present, the vast majority of scholars in the past from the perspective of ethnology, religion and political science, less from the perspective of planning.This paper takes this as a starting point to explore the influence of religious belief on the spatial characteristics of traditional villages and provide a theoretical basis for the protection and development of traditional villages.
Taking Datun village as the research object, through the method of literature review and field visit research, this paper studies the spatial characteristics of religion and belief from the three aspects of the village’s spatial structure, street structure and public space structure, and analyzes and organizes the information ,which provides the foundation for the renewal, transformation and development of the traditional village research. In Datun village, the most important resident villagers are Hui and Han, the religion of the Hui faith is Islam, the Han people believe in Buddhism, and there are mosques and Buddhist monasteries in the village. Datun village by the influence of religious belief, built a different size of temples, there are mosques, five fairy temples, Guany in temple, quartet temple, etc., the space layout around the temple,ebb and flow bench and finally in the space to form a temple-centered grid-shaped irregular village. The distribution of temples has an important influence on the overall form of the village, Datun village belongs to the “one village number of temples” form,from the overall spatial layout of Datun village, Buddhist temples are located in the village, along with the axis distribution, forming a clear religious axis. The terrain is low to high, with different Buddhist temples, namely the Quartet Temple, the Five Fairy Temple, the Guanyin Temple and the Mamma Temple.
Among them, the Four Temples and The Wuxian Temple sit in the center of the village, the old age, the Guanyin Temple is located on the hillside behind the village, is the villagers to protect the forest on the old mountain and built later,the terrain is higher, the mother temple is located on the top of the mountain,play an iconic role.The temple pattern in Datun village is not big, in the spatial layout will not be graded, more into the life of the villagers, residents more “around the temple and live”, in the village to form a gathering point, but the various temples in the layout of the formation of axis, become the center of the village, the whole village closely linked, the village is actually a potential belief culture.The mosque is located on the outskirts of the village, distributed in the south,in a relatively independent location for individual construction, so that the temple in front of a more open space, can obtain a wider public space, Hui residents live around the temple, belong to the spontaneous residence of the mosque as the center of the circle around a circle of circular space scattered in a mesh structure. In the initial stage of the village’s beginning to form, the overall spatial layout of the village takes on the characteristics of heart orientation.