In Koraput, 61 percent of protein was obtained from cereals and millets in2014, which decreased to 51 percent in 2017; other major contributors of protein are vegetables, pulses and legumes and animal foods . In Wardha, 52percent of protein was obtained from cereals and millets followed by vegetables and pulses and legumes in 2014. Following FSN interventions, in 2017, 41 percent of protein was obtained from cereals and millets and remaining share from vegetables, pulses and legumes increased. Overall, protein obtained from animal foods increased by 2 percent after intervention in both locations.In Koraput, protein obtained from fishes and sea foods increased from 3percent to 7 percent due after intervention. The average calcium intake per CU per day in 2014 was more than the RDA in Koraput and increased significantly after intervention by 333g. This increase may have been due to increase in consumption of finger millet and green leafy vegetables sourced from home production and fish from market. Major share of calcium was obtained from cereals and millets ,vegetables and animal foods in 2014 which changed to 35 percent,32 percent and 26 percent respectively in 2017.
About 93 percent of the households in 2014 consumed calcium more than 70 percent of RDA which further increased to 97 percent in 2017. Puranik et al. reported that for low-income households which mostly depend on starchy and bulky foods like rice for their calorie requirements, finger millet ensures a pragmatic solution. Bioavailability of calcium in finger millet is high when compared with other cereals like rice , maize and sorghumIn Wardha the average intake of calcium was less than RDA in 2014 and increased significantly by 421 g and met the RDA as most of the households consuming less than 70 percent of recommended allowance of calcium in 2014 were consuming more than 70 percent of RDA, in 2017 after FSN intervention. There was a notable increase in consumption of millets,mobile vertical grow tables leafy vegetables, animal foods,all of which are primary source of calcium. In 2014, calcium was obtained majorly from cereals and millets followed by vegetables and animal foods and after intervention in 2017, animal foods, mainly fishes and sea foods from market followed by vegetables mainly green leafy vegetables contributed major share of calcium to the diet . Similar results, calcium intake more than recommended level was reported by Adhiguru and Ramasamy after vegetable production system intervention. Increased intake of calcium was reported due to consumption of vegetables and fruits from home garden by Alemu, et al. and Kim and Park .
The average per CU per day intake of iron in Koraput in 2014 was less than the RDA which significantly increased by 6 mg in 2017 after FSN intervention.About 71 percent of the households were consuming iron more than 70 percent of RDA in 2014 and in 2017, 92 percent of the households consume diron more than 70 percent of RDA. In Wardha, in 2014 the intake was more than RDA, however it further significantly increased by 10 mg in 2017. The quantity of iron from home garden promoted as FSN activity increased in both the locations. Cereals and millets was the main source of iron in both the locations in 2014 and remained to be the higher source in 2017. Coarse cereals likesorghum, pearl millet and finger millet and whole wheat have relatively high iron and folate content . Pulses and legumes was the second source of iron in2014 which changed to vegetables in 2017 in Koraput and vegetables and pulses and legumes in Wardha. Adhiguru and Ramasamy reported that the vegetable production system highly favoured the increased intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin C. In this study, two sectors adjacent to Gishwati Forest national park were identified based on the location of the cooperatives which deal with agriculture and beekeeping. During the data collection, two cooperative working in sectors adjacent to Gishwati Forest national park were selected and provided accurate information.In Ruhango sector, Kavumu Cell, Gakeli Village, all 51 beekeepers grouped in UNICOAPIGI cooperative were identified and Kigeyo Sector, RukaragataCell, Kagondero Village, all 73 house hold farmers grouped in JYAMBERE cooperative were selected and involved in data collection. Before conducting the survey, field visit and observations was conducted to better design the questionnaire and identify the main elements of the study including agricultural and beekeeping activities in adjacent to Gishwati Forest Nationalpark and in surrounding of the park.